How To Find A Reputable Chemical Dealer On The Web

Silver nitrate is one of the most important silver compounds on earth and is usually a precursor of other silver chemicals. In fact, it is also a raw material in obtaining silver metal. The production of this chemical requires extreme caution and must only be done under strict and controlled laboratory conditions. In chemistry experiments, this can be done by mixing nitric acid and silver. The acid eats the silver metal and the resulting solution contains nitric salt of silver which soon crystallizes. This process is hazardous because it produces harmful nitrogen dioxide gas which evolves with a reddish brown color. The generation of this toxic gas demands that the experiment be done outdoors or in fuming hoods.

Take note that this silver salt is usually sold in solid powder form. The pure form of this compound looks like salt crystals but with extremely bitter taste but don't attempt to taste it! There are a few misconceptions about this chemical and you ought to know them if you are buying a bottle or a dozen. Many manufacturers sell this chemical encased in amber bottles. However, this does not mean that the chemical is light sensitive. Pure nitric salt of silver is not light sensitive but the impurities make it sensitive to light.

There are many sellers of this chemical online. You can always choose to survey the city for local chemical suppliers but that could take some time. You can also browse the yellow pages or simply ask people who might refer you to trusted suppliers. This time, the most convenient way to look for dependable people who sell chemicals is to do your search on the internet. Many suppliers do have websites for you to check out.

There are a few disadvantages of shopping online for chemicals or for any product. Basically, you don't get to see the supplier and his plant but there are many ways to make sure you have come across a reputable dealer. The website alone offers a lot of clues. Often, online buyers want to see a seller with an informative website. Sellers should inform the visitors about their business and their company. Searchers like you may be looking for information on the length of time the supplier has been in the business and what kind of products and services they can offer. This will inform you if they have something you need.

At the same time, it is important that you find sellers who know what they are selling. Again, you have to check out their website if you are buying silver nitrate online. Find out what kind of silver nitrate they are selling because this compound comes in many forms. This chemical is usually sold by chemical manufacturers or suppliers, who may also be providing other chemicals for various customers. Ask the seller what other chemicals they are selling because you may also be interested in other chemicals just as most buyers are. At least, if a supplier can provide a wide range of chemicals then you won't have to look for other suppliers.

Apart from that, you also should ensure that the company or the suppliers follows legal regulations. The government imposes various regulations to chemical manufacturers and dealers regarding chemical product standards and quality. Packaging and labeling should also follow standards assigned for the safety of the buyers who would be handling and using the chemicals upon purchase. Reputable chemical sellers are happy to show their approval papers. Sellers who can't provide you with pertinent documents for their operations may be working underhandedly. It is necessary to check the background of the seller before making transactions with them. Don't hesitate to ask questions to your supplier if you have any.

How To Seek Manufacturers Of Silver Nitrate Online

More people are buying chemicals online and maybe that's because it is convenient. However, this purchasing behavior can have a lot of disadvantages. As anyone has told you, online buying, especially of reagents, can be tricky. You have to know who the supplier is and be familiar with his reputation in the industry.

Silver nitrate is one of the most sought after chemicals as it is used in a huge number of processes. For instance, it is used in medical facilities as a disinfectant. At the same time, it is involved in the manufacture of mirrors. It is available from chemical suppliers but make sure to find good suppliers if you intend to buy this chemical or any chemical for whatever purpose.

Reputable chemical suppliers of AgNO3 follow government regulations regarding chemical compositions, packaging, labeling, and shipping. You have to make sure that the person or company you are buying from knows the legalities of selling substances, especially when the chemical is dangerous. It is easy to trust someone who knows a lot about what you are buying. A receptionist or customer representative may not know the details of the substance you are interested in buying.

Chemical suppliers mostly have websites which you can visit anytime. Check whether they have AgNO3 in their selection and look for illustrations which show how the product is packaged and labeled. See or inquire about shipment details. Generally, shipping charges depend on how far you are from the supplier.

Part of knowing your supplier is knowing how he handles chemical storage. As you might have realized, storage of chemicals is extremely important because it shows how well organized the supplier is. Bottles and containers of chemicals cannot be stacked haphazardly. They should be arranged in an orderly and systematic way for purposes of easy identification and safety.

However, as a customer, you are worried about packaging and labeling. The container of the chemical AgNO3 is extremely important. If the chemical were to be shipped, as it most probably would be, it should be encased in a sturdy container. Trusted suppliers can give advice to their buyers not to transfer the chemical to another container, especially not to one made of incompatible material. The container should be tightly sealed to avoid leaks during transport.

Suppliers should know about the specifics of the chemicals because those who don't know anything about the necessary properties of the substance can impose harm on you. If you are buying online, make sure the website of the chemical company has facts. Check if there is literature available for the chemicals. Now, silver nitrate may be prepared in different phases and concentrations, so find out what types of solutions and grades they offer for the chemical. Specific uses of this substance require particular grades and concentrations.

Price is an important consideration because these tough times require people to be a little more conscious about their spending. So, if you are out there looking for companies that sell AgNO3, only go to chemical suppliers who price their chemical products reasonably. But be careful with those whose products are priced too low they may be of low grade or low quality.

You may be a florist or a chemist and you need silver nitrate of the right concentration and good quality. Impurities in the substance can make it unfit for specific purposes.

For general purposes, the pure silver nitrate is the most appropriate. Notice that the pure grade of this substance is never sensitive to sunlight. You might read about the sensitivity of this chemical to sunlight but this is untrue. Only the adulterated compound is light sensitive.

After you have purchased this chemical, make sure to store it appropriately. Its crystal solid form looks like table salt and has an extremely bitter taste. You must avoid physical contact with it.

Shs And Its Industrial Application

Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis or SHS is a method for producing high-melting inorganic compounds by solid-state combustion. Metallurgical SHS is a variety of typical SHS. Discovery of metallurgical SHS made it possible to produce composite materials for steel alloying and refractory components. Positive sides of SHS are: minimum of electric energy, high speed of process, simple equipment. But this process wasn't used long in spite of its great advantages.

Industrial applying
Magnitogorsk scientific industrial company NTPF Etalon co., ltd has made a breakthrough in this field. At first, ferrosilicon nitride had been created by SHS-technology. In depend on nitrogen content, ferrosilicon nitride can be used either as an alloying material for nitrogen-containing steels (low content) or as a component for refractory production (high content).

At the next stage, technologies for ferrovanadium nitride and ferrochromium nitride production had been developed. Ferrovanadium nitride is used as alloying material for rail and HLSA steels. It can be either in melted or sintered form. Ferrochromium nitride is used as alloying material for nitrogen-containing steels. Production of chromium nitride for super-steel, of silicon nitride for refractory industry, of silicomanganese nitride for manganese steel, of ferrotitanium boride for boron-containing pipe steel, of ferroniobium boride for IF-steel, of ferromanganese sulfide for free-cutting steel had been mastered later.

So what is difference between SHS-materials and traditional "furnace" materials?
Nowadays, furnace technology is used for nitrided materials production and it dominates in the world. The technology include saturation of material with nitrogen in electric furnace at relatively non-high temperature (900-1500 oC). Negative sides are: high duration of process, high impurities content and low nitrogen content in finished product.

SHS-materials have low impurities content (oxygen, hydrogen) as well as have unique properties and structure, which can not be obtained by traditional furnace technology. For example, ferrosilicon nitride has composite structure with dominating beta-phase of silicon nitride (90 % β-Si3N4) because it is obtained with high temperature (2000 oC) and high pressure (10 MPa). That's why ferrosilicon nitride is better assimilated by steel and that's why refractories with ferrosilicon nitride have great operating ability. SHS-ferrovanadium nitride in a melted form has high density and high strengths, that gives better assimilating; sintered form has maximum nitrogen content. Also NTPF Etalon co., ltd. produce many other high-quality materials for metallurgy: silicocalcium nitride, silicomanganese nitride, ferrotitanium boride, ferroniobium boride, beta-silicon nitride, chromium nitride and others.

Introduction
Obtained materials have tested and successfully used at many Russian plants: Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works (MMK), Novo-Lipetsk Iron and Steel Works (NLMK), Chelyabinsk Iron and Steel Works (ChMK) and many others. Also they are exported to France, Poland and other countries.

Introduction Of 2012 Latest Cone Crusher Technology

The cone crusher is widely used in mining industry, metallurgical industry, construction industry, road building industry, chemical industry and silicate industry, suitable for crushing hard and medium hard ore and rock, such as iron ore, limestone, copper ore, quartz , granite, sandstone, etc.. The cone crusher with crushing force, high efficiency, high processing capacity, low-cost action, easy to adjust, and economic characteristics. Parts selection and structural design is reasonable, so long life, broken product particle size uniformity, reduce the load of the cycle, in the medium and large size crushers, hydraulic clear cavity, reducing downtime, and each The specifications of the crusher cavity, according to different needs, users can select different type of chamber, in order to better meet the needs of the user. Native seal with grease seal, to avoid a water supply and drainage systems are easy to plug the shortcomings of water and oil miscible defects, spring safety system overload protection device, can be combined foreign body iron through the crushing chamber without detriment to the crusher.

The cone crusher is generally in the second and third stages of crushing. Cone crusher cavity sub-standard, medium, short head, short head and some are divided into small and fragmented and more crushing, crusher and a lot of new type of chamber.

Cone Crusher Technology

(1) The Hydraulic System

The machine has a hydraulic system to adjust the the crusher row the size of the ore, the hydraulic system can effectively ensure the safe operation of equipment. A foreign body in the crushing chamber, the hydraulic system can move the cone under the automatic refund, when expelled, the system is to move back under the cone is automatically reset. Re-maintain the original port of discharge position to continue working.

(2) Crushing Chamber

Crushing chamber type is the geometric space formed by the movable cone and fixed cone ask. The shape of the crushing chamber on the overall performance. The crusher cavity is broken major technical indicators. To the aircraft from the primary crushing crushing designed four specifications of the cavity, it has six possible combinations, which means that it can best apply to the special requirements of users.

3) Reliable Sealing

Labyrinth seals, replace the water seal used in the past, dust and impurities can not enter the human body, thus ensuring the cleaning of the Run-edible vegetable oil, to extend the sliding bearing, thrust ball bearing service life, making the machine reliable operation.

(4) Easy to Replace

Past the crusher very slow to replace the broken wall, the new structure of the cone crusher to replace the broken wall very quickly. Equipped with a card tip on the broken wall, starting with bolt top to put the broken wall fixed. Broken wall fixed with hydraulic nuts fastening on the back of the broken wall and do not need to add any filler material, so replace the fast aspects, reducing the labor intensity.

(5) Adjust The Opening

The aircraft selected high voltage displacement sensor, adjusting the port of discharge location in the operating room. As long as a button, the operating table there shows that you can see the port of discharge of the need to adjust the size, very convenient and accurate. When the machine work, electrical coupling through the fluid, small bevel gear-driven eccentric sleeve at the bottom of the bevel gear, the eccentric sleeve rotation, resulting in the cone for rotary swing broken materials. Broken the spindle of the machine is not moving, the only branch of the Shan spherical tiles, to withstand the crushing force. The eccentric sleeve pass crusher spindle fixed crushing force, the structure can withstand greater crushing force, well adapted to crushing and ultra-fine crushing, because the ultra-fine crushing crushing force is very large. Expected nature of its size (super fine crushing liner) open when a 5m two up to 50 ^ 80% (depending on material differences). The crusher is suitable for building materials or non-metallic mining and civil engineering in the third paragraph of the metal mine concentrator broken, or broken the fourth paragraph; Especially in areas of civil engineering required for the natural sand supply.

The Importance Of Scientific Research & Experimental Development

Scientific research & experimental development tries to provide answers to the question most humans have in their everyday lives. Researchers are always interested in ways of providing probable answers to some of the biggest question of life based on the available information. It also tries to make the world a better place by looking for ways to make life easier for everybody.

All the major scientific and technology breakthroughs are the results of years of research and experimentation. The research starts by observing a phenomenon that will then be described, to formulate hypothesis about why it happens that way. In whichever field that the research is being carried out, it always starts with the observation.

An experiment is then carried out to find out if the claims of the hypothesis can be substantiated. Usually a control experiment will validate or refute the results of the first experiment in order to provide clarity to the results. In the control experiment one of the variables in the original experiment will be removed or altered, this usually serves as a reference point against which conclusions are drawn.

The modern world has benefited much from these studies in all spheres of human endeavor. From the biological sciences, chemical sciences physical sciences to the social sciences, there are many professionals involved in finding useful applications from the finding all of these researches. In fact, you must have benefited from the result of such findings in one way or the other.

In the field of environmental science, studies have shown the effects that everyday human activities have on the environment. The studies also provide insight into how such actions affect the sustainability of the earth and the survival of the human race. These studies have provided models for sustaining the environment and reducing the level of harm done by humans to the earth.

In the medical sciences, such studies have provided a deeper understanding into the nature of diseases and effect on human life. Many studies have also provided useful insight into how most diseases can be prevented, treated or managed. More so, there is still countless number of studies going on towards a more comprehensive knowledge on the nature of diseases. Perhaps science will be able to provide lasting solutions to killer diseases such as cancer and AIDS in the not too distant future.

The agricultural sciences are also benefiting in a great deal from the findings from researches. New hybrids of crops that are resistant to diseases and at the same time provide farmers with high yields are constantly been developed. More so, livestock farmers have also benefited from researches made in the area of genetics to have improved breeds in the farms animals.

These studies also have tremendous importance in providing consumers with better products. The branch of scientific research & experimental development that provides humanity with better products is known as consumer based research. In fact, many corporations and industries are investing huge amounts of money into their products development so that they can perfect their manufacturing process and have an edge over the competition.

Learn Why A Home Solar Panel Will Save You Money And How You Can Get One For Free

Most people around the globe are using solar energy since it is free, renewable and can save thousands of dollars yearly. This can greatly contribute to an economic downturn by saving money whereas home solar panels can provide energy and savings as well. It is an eco-friendly choice for homeowners who desire to cool and heat their home proficiently by means of sun rays. They can also use to switch on solar equipment using the stored and captured energy in solar energy panels.

Here are some of the comprehensive descriptions and interesting facts about home solar panels. Solar energy panels are built from numerous photovoltaic cells or solar cells organized in numerous arrays to generate a panel. These photovoltaic cells infuse sunlight and then are converted into power through an electrically linked grid that delivers heat and power to all homes. Majority of the homeowners use solar panels that are relishing the advantage of receiving funds coming from some local power industries, instead of getting electricity to a power company.

If you have your own solar panels, it should be perfectly situated on flat roofs of residential buildings and sloping to the south. The flat absorber plates are covered with dark selective surface that converts the sun rays into heat and then the produced heat is carried by the fluids in the tube attached to the flat absorber. In addition, to make a more efficient use of sun's radiation with home solar panels, it should be within around 1,000 feet from your home.

Home solar energy panels are in various types including solar through, solar parabolic and solar towers, which are commonly used in power plants, whereas in light and domestic company applications, they normally use the box type and flat plate panels. Aside from these aforementioned types of solar energy panels, some folks prefer to utilize parabolic and air dishes, unglazed tubes and evacuated tubes depending on their needs, since some of these panels are capturing high temperatures to produce electricity, wide area coverage by means of high expensive mirrors and higher proficiency of these solar panels. Before purchasing any types of solar energy system, make sure to conduct a research and choose the best that suits your needs.

Although it is widely used worldwide, most homeowners are still asking how they can save money by using a solar energy system. Saving thousands of dollars annually is certainly one of the most amazing benefits that most homeowners can enjoy by installing solar panels into their home. The total amount they can save will also depend on the location of their home and the consistency of the weather conditions, yet some homeowners can save roughly 50% of their bills every month. Though, you need to invest huge amounts by installing a Auckland solar heating system to your home, eventually you will be getting what you paid for.

One great way to save money is installing home solar energy system through DIY solar home panels, since this is becoming more famous and more folks are now searching to save money using energy costs.

Misbehaving Scientists: How Scientific Misconduct Cases Could Have Been Avoided By Using An Eln

 We all want to believe that the results of experiments that scientists report are proven facts, backed by a wealth of statistical data and peer review. That is what research is all about, right? Unfortunately, several instances of scientific misconduct have been uncovered in recent years, highlighting another true fact: scientists are not infallible. Yet the research institutions backing these scientists can be held legally responsible or suffer reputation damage, and often human health can be put at risk.

How, therefore, can data integrity be preserved? By putting into place a permanent safeguarding mechanism that not only stops tampering, but is also easy to implement and use so that scientists are naturally encouraged to use it. An electronic laboratory notebook (ELN) is this tool.

In one well-known recent case, Baystate Medical Center anesthesiologist Scott Reuben falsified data in at least 21 of his papers regarding the benefits of COX2 inhibitors. The New York Times reported it “may be among the longest-running and widest-ranging cases of academic fraud” ever. And fraud of this type can be serious: increased risk of death has been linked with COX2 inhibitor drugs such as Pfizer’s Celebrex and Merck’s Vioxx.

False reporting can be the result of errors either intentional or mistaken, but the consequences are widespread in either case. Just in 2011 alone, multiple cases of scientific falsity were uncovered in the media limelight. Test data and results were manipulated and mishandled. Signatures were falsified. Records were stolen. Reputations of both researchers and backing institutions have endured irreparable damage. These scandals at times discouraged new scientists from entering the field and left the rest of the populous wondering what to believe.

In another high-profile example, researcher Judy Mikovits with Whittemore Peterson Institute falsified data regarding the linkage of a retrovirus called XMRV to chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). When she left the institution, Mikovits then illegally took some of her research records with her. Quite often researchers don’t fully realize that the funding institution is the legal owner of research documentation; Mikovits served jail time for her actions. Making matters worse, certain CFS activists strongly motivated to find a physical cause of the disease (those who do not want CFS dismissed as a largely psychosomatic malady) created such a severe backlash against detractors of Mikovits’ research, including sending death threats, that people became discouraged from entering the field, possibly delaying further research on the disease.

Bad recordkeeping violates data integrity and fosters research misconduct. One article on error misreporting in scientific journals draws attention to discrepancies between published results and the actual experimental data. The article encourages data sharing to reduce instances of errors, and also states “the association between reporting errors and sharing of data after results are published may also reflect differences in the rigor with which researchers manage their data. Rigorously working researchers may simply commit fewer reporting errors because they manage and archive their data more diligently.”

In all of the above cases of misconduct, the preferred method of choice for recordkeeping was the paper laboratory notebook. Paper notebooks are flawed instruments for good recordkeeping for several reasons.

• They cannot be easily monitored to ensure compliant recordkeeping.
• They are hard to secure.
• The notebooks themselves can easily be lost, damaged or misplaced.
• Their records are vulnerable to falsification and manipulation.
• The notebooks are not searchable and not readily shared.

Clearly, another mechanism averse to these issues must be employed to ensure good and sustainable recordkeeping.

In January, researcher Dr. Dipak Das, responsible for the common “red wine is good for the heart” belief, was found to have falsified data in more than 100 instances regarding the benefits to cardiovascular health of resveratrol which is found in red wine.

Electronic notebooks are infused with all of the elements that encompass good recordkeeping:

• Each captured record has its own date/time stamp and the electronic signature of the researcher who modified it.
• Each record and its audit trail are permanently retained and preserved, ensuring its authenticity. Constant monitoring and auditing of data allows for the easy detection of fraud. Regulatory findings can be readily compared with raw data. When data issues are uncovered early, action can be taken early to minimize the cost of these data risks later in a project.
• In addition to auditing and archiving data, ELNs preserve data integrity through the mechanisms of disaster recovery, data backup, and, most importantly, role-base access controls. Important data can never be lost. Access to data access is given only to those with suitable privileges, preventing inappropriate or inadvertent disclosures of information.
• ELNs provide a venue by which collaboration among researchers is both encouraged and fostered, creating an atmosphere which leads to an even greater minimization of scientific misconduct.

Scientific misconduct is a serious risk for both safety and legal reasons. If the key to maintaining data integrity and reducing opportunities for misbehavior is good recordkeeping, electronic laboratory notebooks (ELNs) have the needed mechanisms that both digitally record actions and foster those good recordkeeping habits. When data integrity is preserved and results are more reliable, fewer mistakes are made, and legal risks are averted, researchers are freed to expend their valuable energy towards the important task of finding solutions, rather than fending off issues of scientific misconduct. Clearly, the solution to limiting scientific misconduct is an ELN.